Speciality

CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS FOR WATER TREATMENT

We are successfully providing services, systems and products in various industries such as food, pharmaceutical, edible oil, detergent, textile, hospitals and commercial buildings etc. This immense experience gives us the expertise to precisely design a program that meets client’s needs based on an in-depth study of their facility.

SERVICES

PCC provides consultancy and Plant & Chemical support services

SYSTEMS

We provide wide range of plants like RO Plant, Media Filtration, Softening, Demin, Degasification, Disinfection plants etc

PRODUCTS

FineTech series of chemicals are blend of finest chemicals for all water treatment needs. We provide following chemicals:

• Chemicals for Reverse Osmosis
• Chemicals for Boilers
• Chemicals for Cooling Tower
• Chemicals for Closed circuit
• Chemicals for Waste Water Treatment

Water is considered ‘hard’ when it has excessive levels of calcium and magnesium dissolved in it.

• Scale build-up in pipes, resulting in decreased flow rates.
• Scale build-up on heating and cooling systems, leading to increased electricity costs and breakdowns.
• White film on glass surfaces and staining on water taps.
• Increased laundry costs due to hard water reacting with soap and laundry detergents.

The RWT Series Water Softening Plants are designed to produce treated water to suit for various applications. Treated water is of consistency quality with low residual hardness throughout the service cycle.

The high synthetic resin is used to exchange Sodium ion with hardness forming Calcium and Magnesium ions. After producing desired output, the resin is regenerated with iNaCII Sodium Chloride solution after which unit is again ready to deliver next batch. RWT Series units are available with different models. The difference between these models is in the capacity of the resin used for each model. These units are easy to operate and maintenance free. These models are available to produce various capacities up to 200 Cu. Meters per hour maximum.

Water Testing Lab Setups are precision designed and latest technology based Lab Setups that comprise an assembly of different devices for testing the quality of water. Clean drinking water is essential to sustain all life forms and testing of water quality that is performed on a regular basis allows for maintaining safe as well as reliable water source. Regular testing of water is important for:

• Identification of existing quality issues
• Checking if the water is suitable for intended use
• Allowing for safe drinking water source
• Arriving at effectiveness of treatment system

Advantages of offered system:

• Allows for easy usage
• System backed by on field testing that helps in saving time as well as costs for transporting samples as well as results
• Designed to provide instant results
• Long service life

Usage:

• In testing water supply in rural areas
• For testing water supply in residences, housing societies, office purposes
• For testing water supply in educational institutions like school, colleges
• For testing water supply in restaurants, hotels
• For testing water supply in nursing homes, hospitals
• For testing water supply of municipality water
• For testing water supply used in industrial usage like in paper mills, poultry farms, pharmaceutical sector

INTRODUCTION

Groundwater is considered a reliable source of supplemental drinking and irrigation water because of its easy and flexible access. Therefore, geophysical resistivity surveys are regularly used for studies related to groundwater investigations for locating sub-surface fresh water resources.

Resistivity profiling delineates the lateral changes in resistivity that can be correlated with steeply dipping interfaces between two geological formations in the subsurface. DC resistivity sounding (Vertical Electrical Sounding-VES) determines the thickness and resistivity of different horizontal or low dipping subsurface layers including the aquifer zone which can help to delineate fresh groundwater aquifers.

The electrical resistivity of rock is a property which depends on lithology and fluid content. The resistivity of coarse-grained, well-consolidated sandstone saturated with fresh water is higher than that of unconsolidated silt of the same porosity, saturated with the same water. Also, the resistivities of identical porous rock samples vary considerably according to the salinity of the saturating water. The higher the salinity of the water, the lower the resistivity of the rock., thus, it is quite possible for two different types of rock, such as shale and sandstone, to be of essentially the same resistivity when the sandstone is saturated with saline water and the shale with freshwater. For this reason, the number and thicknesses of the geoelectric units as determined from VES measurements at a locality may not necessarily be the same as the geological ones. In this respect, geoelectric units define parastratigraphic units, whose boundaries may be discordant with the stratigraphic boundaries.

 

ROLE OF GEOPHYSICS IN GROUNDWATER PROSPECTING AND HYDROGEOLOGY

The demand of groundwater is increasing very fast with the rapid urbanization and industrialization programs of the developing and the developed countries and the urgency to increase food production. Finding potential sources of groundwater by wildcat drilling is proving to be very expensive when the cost benefit ratio is taken into account. Many geophysical methods (i.e. magnetic, gravity, seismic and electrical methods) have been used to locate and delineate subsurface water resources. They are inexpensive and can rapidly provide information about the geological structure and lithologies of a large region under investigation compared to an extensive drilling program.

Exploration geophysics is primary concerned with mineral and petroleum exploration. Its importance in geotechnical engineering and groundwater exploration has been recognized later.  Geophysical surveys can be used to determine hydrogeological parameters such as aquifer thickness, its boundaries, and transmissivity and storage coefficient. The values of the parameters determined from the geophysical methods can be considered fairly accurate in many cases.

 

Geophysical investigations are essential to determine the following:

• Subsurface layering i.e. depths, thickness and fluid saturation.
• Structural complications such as faults, voids or karstic features.
• Presence of subsurface water, as a potential water source and potential sources of contamination.

 

RESISTIVITY METHOD

The resistivity method is the most popular of all the geophysical methods as far as groundwater exploration is concerned. The fundamental physical parameter used in the exploration and description of subsurface rock by the resistivity method is resistivity. The wide range of values in the resistivities of rocks is sometimes misleading and difficult to utilize. The resistivity of subsurface materials depends more on the pore volume including fractures, degree of saturation, weathering, and conductivity of the saturant than on the rock type. In groundwater exploration the resistivity method can determine the thickness of aquifer overlying resistive bedrock. The method is capable of determining even the quality of groundwater i.e. whether the water is saline, brackish, fresh or contaminated with toxic wastes.

 

INSTRUMENT

The equipment available with FineTech for the resistivity field data measurements is PASI Earth Resistivity Meter 16GL (Fig. 1). This 16 bits instrument represents a large step forward in the field of electrical resistivity measurement (VES). It is the ideal instrument for subsoil groundwater prospecting from shallow to medium depth. Reliable and portable, the 16GL system is characterized by really first-rate performances at a really affordable price. This Earth Resistivity Meter provides excellent and reliable performance in a convenient, robust and fully portable design. Ideally suited for subsoil groundwater prospecting at shallow, medium and great depth, it can also be used for geological stratigraphy, studies of salt water contamination in freshwater layers, landslide monitoring, mineral exploration and archaeological research.

 

Fig. 01 PASI Earth Resistivity Meter 16GL

 

ELECTRODE CONFIGURATION

For Vertical Electric Sounding (VES), the Schlumberger electrodes configuration is usually adopted (Fig: 2). The earth is energized with the help of controlled power generator specially designed to provide voltage for the transmitter. The converted DC is passed through the outer stainless steel electrodes (A & B) and the inner stainless steel electrodes (M & N) record the resulting potential difference.

 

Fig. 2 Schlumberger Electrode Configurations

 

The ratio of potential drop (V) to the energized current (I) multiplied by Geo-electric constant K [π (s² – a²/4)/ a] gives the apparent Resistivity, which is a cumulative effect of true resistivities of different sub-surface geological rock units from the surface to the depth to which the current penetrates.

Apparent Resistivity (ρ_a) is thus:

ρ_a = K × (∆V)/I

 

Where,            ρ_a         =          Apparent Resistivity in ohm m

∆V        =          Potential difference in mille-volts

I           =          Current in mille-amperes

K          =          Geo-electric constant π (s² – a²/4)/ a]

a          =          Separation between two electrodes in meters

s           =          Half of the distance between two current electrodes in meters

 

Varying the spacing between the electrodes controls the depth to which the Resistivity is measured. For depth scanning, the central point is fixed and the spacing of electrodes is gradually increased horizontally. Thus, the depth of scanning is increased and the apparent resistivity is obtained as a function of depth.

 

CHARGES

Rs. 20,000/- per probe,

Excluding travelling charges from Karachi to survey site and back.

Note: Survey is carried out for minimum of three probes